Enhanced hydrogen generation from Al-water reaction mediated by metal salts

Hydrogen generation by the reaction of micrometer-aluminum powder with water at room temperature is hard to proceed due to the inhibition of alumina layer. In this study, a novel strategy of metal salts mediated Al-water reaction was proposed for more efficient and practical hydrogen generation. The effects of metal salt composition and dosage, and water injection rate and volume on hydrogen generation were investigated. The hydrogen yield of 230.0 mL was achieved in the Al/Ni/Cu/H₂O system within 600 s under the following conditions: 0.24 g aluminum with the molar ratio of Al, Ni and Cu at 10:1:1 and 2 mL water at the injection rate of 2 mL/min, which was equivalent to 70.4% of the theoretical hydrogen yield. Based on the morphology, element composition, crystal structure and electrochemical test results of the obtained composites after reaction, the mechanism of hydrogen production by metal salts mediated Al-water reaction was proposed.     

Ammonia production using iron nitride and water as hydrogen source under mild temperature and pressure

Ammonia generation was studied in the reaction between water and nitrogen-containing iron at 323 K and atmospheric pressure. Similar to metallic Fe, the interstitial compound Fe₃N reduced water through Fe oxidation to produce hydrogen gas, while the N combined with atomic hydrogen to produce ammonia as a byproduct. The addition of carbon dioxide to this system accelerated the reaction with concomitant consumption of carbon dioxide. The promoted ammonia production upon addition of carbon dioxide can be attributed to the generation of atomic hydrogen from the redox reaction of carbonic acid and Fe, as well as removal of used Fe from the reaction system through the formation of a soluble carbonato complex. When carbonate was added to the reaction system, the production rates of ammonia and hydrogen increased further. The results here confirmed that ammonia can be synthesized from iron nitride under mild conditions by utilizing carbon dioxide.     

三门峡水库汛期排沙效果研究

三门峡水库汛期排沙是解决泥沙淤积问题、控制潼关高程的关键途径。"蓄清排浑"运用以来,非汛期蓄水期库区发生淤积、汛期降低水位运用排泄全年泥沙,基本保持了库区动态冲淤平衡。不同控制水位和入库流量过程存在不同的排沙效果,针对三门峡水库汛期排沙过程的差异,对"蓄清排浑"运用以来汛期排沙特征进行统计,分析了水库敞泄和不同控制水位运用对排沙效果的影响。结果表明,在汛期平水305 m、洪水敞泄的运用条件下,水库排沙具有多来多排的特点,汛期排沙总量与入库含沙量和水量密切相关;完全敞泄时库区冲刷取决于流量大小和敞泄时间,净排沙效率随着水量的增加和敞泄时间的延长而减小,冲刷效率降低;汛期控制运用期,当流量在1000 m~3/s以上时、水位在305～311 m也会产生一定的排沙,排沙效果取决于含沙水流在壅水段的滞留时间和出入库流量之比。研究成果可为三门峡水库运用方式的优化提供依据。     

环评与排污许可相互衔接和促进的思考

近年来,世界范围内的工业化和城市化进程明显加快,环境污染是全球性的危机。在我国的环保工作开展中,环境影响评价和排污许可是有效的环保工作手段,这两种手段的有效配合,分别从准入和运营的角度来实现了污染的有效控制,虽然环境影响评价在我国实施的时间非常长,但是,排污许可却是近年来才出现的,出现时间的不一致导致二者在衔接和促进的过程中面临着较大的困境。因此,针对这一情况,本文充分探析了环评和排污许可相互衔接和促进的策略。     

仙泉煤业通风系统阻力测定分析

通过对仙泉煤业通风阻力的测定,经计算矿井等积孔A为5.24 m2,风阻R为0.0515 N·S2/m8,矿井通风阻力等级为小阻力矿井,通风难易程度为容易,同时对矿井的最大阻力线路进行分析,针对不同的区段找到最大阻力分布点,分析了产生的原因,为矿井通风系统优化提供了依据。     

Metal organic frameworks as electrocatalysts: Hydrogen evolution reactions and overall water splitting

The development of clean energy technologies to protect the environment is an important demand of the times. Electrocatalysis is emerging as a promising method for evolution of hydrogen and overall water splitting. Nowadays, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as electrocatalysts having uniformly distributed active sites and high electrical conductivity. This review summarizes the latest advances in heterogeneous catalysis by MOFs and their composite/derivatives for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and water splitting. Pristine MOFs with their recent development are summarized first followed by composites of MOFs with their enhanced electrocatalytic performances. Overall water splitting by using bifunctional electrocatalysts derived from MOFs with different synthetic approaches is provided and this review gives the metal-based categorisation of precursor MOFs. Different strategies to improve chemical stability, conductivity, and overall electrocatalytic properties have been discussed. In the last, perspectives on the synthesis of efficient MOF-based electrocatalyst materials are provided.     

有效调峰对自来水的重要性

深入浅出阐释智慧调峰泵站的基本组成与工作原理,论述有效调峰的基本内涵、实现方法及重要性,给出智慧调峰泵站的设计案例并指出其应用优势,就今后研究设计工作的重点内容给出建议。     

Microstructure Evolution of Ni-Co Alloys During Crystallization and Amorphization Process

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - A molecular dynamics simulation has been conducted in Ni73Co27 and Ni74Co26 alloys during rapid solidification at the cooling rate of...     

沭阳县新沂河抗洪巡堤查险"六全"工作法

2019年和2020年连续两年,由于受台风影响及上游洪水袭击,新沂河大流量、高水位行洪,本文介绍了沭阳县全力以赴,立足于防,着力于抢,及时启动防汛应急机制,严密巡堤查险,迅速组织抢险,取得了防洪抗洪的全面胜利,有力保障了新沂河两岸200万人民生命财产安全和全县经济社会平稳发展,实现了抗大洪、无大灾、零伤亡的预期目标.     

割煤截齿摩擦石英砂岩引燃(爆)煤壁短钻孔涌出瓦斯的危险性研究

本文针对夹矸(石英砂岩)煤层的综采工作面,存在割煤截齿摩擦石英砂岩引燃(爆)浅孔抽放短钻孔涌出瓦斯的风险,以试验工作面为研究背景,通过Fluent数值模拟和MATLAB数据处理分析,研究了对采煤机滚筒后方浅孔抽放钻孔口周围瓦斯引燃危险区的分布规律,并在现场释放CO2模拟了钻孔瓦斯涌出的情况,测得的CO2体积分数分布与数值模拟结果基本一致.研究结果表明:当钻孔口处于采煤机滚筒后方不同位置时,其周围瓦斯引燃(爆)危险区的形状、大小及在钻孔口的分布方位都发生变化.随着钻孔瓦斯流量的增大,瓦斯引燃(爆)危险区的形状基本相同,面积增大,竖直长度随之线性增加;但在采煤机滚筒后方1 m这个最易引起爆炸的范围内,瓦斯引燃(爆)危险区的面积并不大,最大竖直长度为196 mm,如果在竖直方向将钻孔距石英砂岩的安全距离控制在392 mm以上,可以避免浅孔抽放短钻孔涌出瓦斯被引燃(爆)的风险.